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Related Experiment Videos

Cardiac considerations in the triathlete.

P S Douglas1

  • 1Cardiovascular Section, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|October 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Ultraendurance athletes exhibit physiological cardiac hypertrophy, characterized by increased left ventricular mass and normal function. Standard electrocardiogram criteria may not reliably detect these exercise-induced cardiac adaptations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Exercise training induces cardiac adaptations in size, shape, and function.
  • Understanding maximal conditioning effects on the heart is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define cardiac changes in ultraendurance athletes.
  • To investigate the effects of maximal conditioning on cardiac structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound, and electrocardiography were used.
  • Study population: ultraendurance triathletes training for the Hawaii Ironman Triathlon.
  • Comparison with control subjects for valvular function.

Main Results:

  • Athletes showed normal left ventricular (LV) size with increased wall thickness and mass (concentric hypertrophy).

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  • Systolic and diastolic functions were normal or supernormal.
  • Increased prevalence of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation (91% vs 38% in controls).
  • Standard electrocardiographic criteria for LV hypertrophy were unreliable for detecting increased mass.

    • Conclusions:

    • Ultraendurance exercise training induces physiological cardiac hypertrophy.
    • Hemodynamic load from exercise may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy.
    • Further research is needed on cardiac adaptation to exercise training.
    • Specific ECG changes may help differentiate physiologic from pathologic hypertrophy.