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Ultrabroad Terahertz Spectrum Generation from an Air-Based Filament Plasma.

V A Andreeva1, O G Kosareva1,2, N A Panov2

  • 1Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Leninskie gori 1/2, Moscow, Russia.

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We solved the terahertz (THz) generation mechanism in air, finding both neutral and plasma contributions. Plasma generates lower-frequency THz radiation, while neutrals produce weaker, higher-frequency radiation.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Optics
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • Terahertz (THz) generation in air using two-color laser filaments is a complex phenomenon.
  • The precise mechanisms and contributions of different components (neutrals vs. plasma) have remained unclear.
  • Understanding THz generation is crucial for applications in spectroscopy, imaging, and sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the long-standing problem of THz generation mechanism by a two-color filament in air.
  • To differentiate and quantify the contributions of neutral and plasma components to THz radiation.
  • To investigate the spatial and frequency characteristics of THz generation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a unidirectional pulse propagation model for numerical simulations.
  • Employed experimental measurements of the frequency-angular spectrum.
  • Investigated THz generation using 130-fs laser pulses in air.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct contributions from both neutral and plasma components to THz generation.
  • Neutral contribution via four-wave mixing is weaker and higher in frequency, propagating forward.
  • Plasma contribution is lower-frequency, propagates in a cone, and exhibits an abrupt down-shift to the plasma frequency.
  • Observed universal ring-shaped spatial distributions of THz radiation in various propagation geometries.
  • Experimental results align with numerical simulation predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The study resolves the mechanism of THz generation in two-color air filaments.
  • Both neutral and plasma contributions are essential, with distinct frequency and spatial characteristics.
  • The findings provide a comprehensive understanding for optimizing THz generation in air for diverse applications.