Lignocaine topicalization of the pediatric airway

Area of Science:

• Anesthesiology
• Pediatric Anesthesia
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Topical laryngeal lignocaine is frequently used in pediatric anesthesia.
• It aims to facilitate airway procedures and reduce respiratory events like coughing and laryngospasm.
• Conflicting evidence exists regarding its efficacy and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current literature on topical laryngeal lignocaine in pediatric airway management.
• To focus on indications, safe dosage, effects on swallowing, aspiration risk, and complications.
• To identify gaps in evidence regarding airway reflex sensitivity and duration of obtundation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on topical lignocaine for pediatric airway anesthesia.
• Analysis of data concerning indications, dosage, and adverse events.
• Synthesis of findings on effects on swallowing and airway reflexes.

Main Results:

• Lignocaine use shows mixed results in reducing perioperative respiratory adverse events.
• Limited evidence exists on its impact on upper airway reflexes and swallowing.
• Optimal and safe maximum dosage for this route remains unclear.

Conclusions:

• Topical laryngeal lignocaine is a common pediatric anesthesia technique with potential benefits.
• More research is required to establish its precise effects on airway reflexes, swallowing function, and to define safe dosage limits.
• Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing its clinical application and patient safety.