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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

840
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.4K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.4K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.6K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.6K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

2.2K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
2.2K
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

1.4K
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
1.4K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

2.6K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
2.6K

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Instrumentation for solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization with magic angle spinning NMR.

Melanie Rosay1, Monica Blank2, Frank Engelke3

  • 1Bruker-Biospin, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA 01730, USA.

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|February 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR is growing due to better instrumentation. This review covers commercial DNP NMR systems, focusing on 100K magic angle spinning (MAS) developments.

Keywords:
DNP radicalsDNP sample preparationDynamic nuclear polarizationGyrotronsInstrumentationNMR DNP probesNuclear magnetic resonance

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) has significantly advanced solid-state NMR applications.
  • Instrumentation and methodological progress are crucial for DNP's expanding role.
  • Commercial platforms are increasingly available for DNP NMR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of solid-state DNP NMR instrumentation.
  • To focus on developments enabling DNP at 100K with magic angle spinning (MAS).
  • To provide an overview of commercial DNP NMR systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of available commercial DNP NMR instrumentation.
  • Discussion of microwave sources (e.g., Gyrotron) and transmission components.
  • Examination of DNP NMR probes, low-temperature MAS cooling devices, and sample preparation.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of system components for solid-state DNP NMR.
  • Focus on specific advancements for 100K DNP with MAS.
  • Consideration of essential elements like microwave sources, probes, cooling, and radicals.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in DNP instrumentation are driving the growth of solid-state DNP NMR.
  • Commercial platforms offer viable options for DNP NMR research.
  • Specific developments facilitate DNP at 100K with MAS, enhancing applications.