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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
5.6K
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

1.4K
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Ultra-low temperature MAS-DNP.

Daniel Lee1, Eric Bouleau1, Pierre Saint-Bonnet1

  • 1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, INAC, F-38000 Grenoble, France.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|February 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultra-low temperatures using cryogenic helium gas significantly enhance sensitivity and resolution in magic angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization (MAS-DNP) NMR experiments. This advancement allows for faster spinning and reduced experiment times.

Keywords:
Cryogenic heliumDynamic nuclear polarizationHelium sample spinningMagic angle spinningSolid-state NMR

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Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
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Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Solid-State NMR
  • Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP)

Background:

  • Sensitivity and resolution have historically limited Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • High-field dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) combined with magic angle sample spinning (MAS) has emerged as a powerful technique to boost NMR sensitivity.
  • Current MAS-DNP methods typically operate at minimum sample temperatures of 100K using nitrogen gas for cooling and spinning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of ultra-low temperatures, specifically down to 30K, for MAS-DNP experiments.
  • To investigate the use of cryogenic helium gas for achieving these ultra-low temperatures and its impact on sample spinning.
  • To demonstrate the viability and benefits of ultra-low temperature MAS-DNP for enhanced sensitivity and efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Development and utilization of a large cryostat designed for ultra-low temperature MAS-DNP.
  • Employing a closed-loop system with cryogenic helium gas to cool and spin the sample.
  • Comparison of spinning capabilities and performance using helium versus nitrogen gas.

Main Results:

  • Stable and high-speed sample spinning (exceeding nitrogen gas capabilities) achieved at temperatures as low as 30K.
  • Significant experimental sensitivity enhancements demonstrated at ultra-low temperatures.
  • Substantial time savings in experimental procedures due to increased sensitivity and spinning speeds.

Conclusions:

  • Ultra-low temperatures (down to 30K) are achievable and highly beneficial for MAS-DNP experiments using cryogenic helium gas.
  • The developed cryostat and helium gas system enable superior sample spinning frequencies and enhanced NMR sensitivity.
  • This technological advancement makes ultra-low temperature MAS-DNP a viable and pertinent approach for pushing the boundaries of NMR spectroscopy.