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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Chemical Synapses01:26

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Chemical Synapses01:26

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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Ptosis Shmosis.

Michael Kinori1, Guy J Ben Simon2, Tzukit Zehavi-Dorin3

  • 1Ratner Children's Eye Center at the Shiley Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; The Dr. Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|February 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A child

Keywords:
acute myelogenous leukemiachildhood ptosischloromagranulocytic sarcomamyeloblastomamyeloid sarcomaorbital mass

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatrics
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Unilateral eyelid ptosis in children can indicate various underlying conditions.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for pediatric ocular conditions.

Observation:

  • A 10-year-old girl presented with painless left upper eyelid ptosis.
  • A hard, nontender mass was detected in the left upper eyelid.

Findings:

  • Blood smear analysis confirmed leukemia.
  • The eyelid mass was identified as a myeloid sarcoma, a tumor of myeloid blast cells.

Implications:

  • Myeloid sarcoma can manifest as an isolated ocular finding in pediatric leukemia.
  • This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach for pediatric ptosis.