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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Manual Dexterity in Non-Human Primates

Behavioral Assessment of Manual Dexterity in Non-Human Primates

Published on: November 11, 2011

Chimpanzee accumulative stone throwing.

Hjalmar S Kühl^1,2, Ammie K Kalan¹, Mimi Arandjelovic¹

¹Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVAN), Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Scientific Reports

|March 1, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Wild chimpanzees in West Africa exhibit novel stone tool behaviors, banging and throwing rocks at trees, creating stone accumulations. This behavior, unlike extractive foraging, offers insights into early hominin tool use and ritual site origins.

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Area of Science:

Primate Behavior
Archaeology
Paleoanthropology

Background:

Reconstructing hominin behavior relies on archaeological evidence.
Studying primate tool use provides direct behavioral insights.

Purpose of the Study:

To document new stone tool-use behaviors in wild chimpanzees.
To investigate stone accumulation sites created by chimpanzees.
To explore implications for understanding early hominin behavior and ritual sites.

Main Methods:

Observed wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) communities across 17 long-term sites and 34 additional communities.
Documented stone tool use, specifically rock banging and throwing behaviors.
Identified and analyzed conspicuous stone accumulations at targeted trees.

Main Results:

Discovered four chimpanzee populations in West Africa exhibiting habitual rock banging and throwing.
Observed chimpanzees using stones for non-extractive foraging purposes at specific trees.
Found evidence of stone accumulation sites resembling human cairns.

Conclusions:

This study presents the first record of repeated, non-foraging stone tool use in chimpanzees.
Chimpanzee stone accumulation behavior offers a model for interpreting archaeological stone assemblages.
These findings may shed light on the evolutionary origins of ritualistic behaviors and sites.