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Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
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Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
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Microorganisms are a diverse group of microscopic entities broadly categorized into cellular and acellular types based on their structural organization. Cellular microorganisms include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and algae, while acellular microorganisms are represented by viruses.Cellular MicroorganismsBacteriaBacteria, tiny prokaryotic organisms, exhibit fascinating shapes such as rods, spheres, and spirals. They adapt to diverse habitats, including soil, water, and human-associated...
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Environmental Sampling of Photosynthetic Microbes and Their Viruses: From Field to Lab
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Marine Viruses that infect Eukaryotic Microalgae.

Kei Kimura1, Yuji Tomaru

  • 1Institute of Lowland and Marine Research, Saga University.

Uirusu
|March 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Marine microalgal viruses are crucial in regulating phytoplankton populations and global geochemical cycles. Further research into their diverse biology and ecology is essential for scientific progress.

Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Virology
  • Oceanography

Background:

  • Marine microalgae (phytoplankton) are vital primary producers, influencing global geochemical cycles.
  • Marine viruses, discovered in the late 1980s, are significant regulators of host populations.
  • Viruses infecting microalgae are a key focus, second only to prokaryotic viruses (phages).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on marine microalgal viruses.
  • To summarize their basic biology and ecology.
  • To identify future research directions in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on marine microalgal viruses.
  • Compilation of data on discovered viral species and their characteristics.

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  • Analysis of existing research to identify knowledge gaps.

    • Main Results:

    • Approximately 40 species of marine microalgal viruses have been identified.
    • These viruses include diverse types: dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, and ssRNA.
    • Marine microalgal viruses exhibit unique features, presenting novel scientific insights.

    Conclusions:

    • Marine microalgal viruses play a critical role in marine ecosystems.
    • The field of marine microalgal virus research is dynamic and offers significant unexplored potential.
    • Continued investigation is needed to fully understand their impact and characteristics.