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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
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Cyclic behaviors of amorphous shape memory polymers.

Kai Yu1, Hao Li, Amber J W McClung

  • 1Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. qih@me.gatech.edu.

Soft Matter
|March 1, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The viscoelastic properties of shape memory polymers (SMPs) significantly degrade their cyclic performance, even without visible damage. Optimizing programming and recovery conditions can enhance shape memory performance in epoxy-based SMPs.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are crucial in applications requiring cyclic loading.
  • Their cyclic performance, including deformation resistance and shape recovery, is vital.
  • Viscoelasticity is increasingly recognized as a factor in SMP cyclic behavior degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of viscoelastic properties on the cyclic tension and shape memory (SM) behavior of an epoxy-based amorphous thermosetting polymer.
  • To understand the degradation mechanisms in SMPs under cyclic loading.
  • To explore methods for improving SMP cyclic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted cyclic experiments on an epoxy-based amorphous thermosetting polymer.
  • Utilized a linear multi-branched model for mechanical response prediction.
  • Performed parametric studies to identify optimal programming and recovery conditions.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant degradation in cyclic tension and SM behaviors despite no visible damage or irreversible softening.
  • The linear multi-branched model aided in understanding the material's mechanical responses.
  • Parametric studies indicated that adjusting loading rate, programming temperature, and holding time impacts performance.

Conclusions:

  • Viscoelasticity plays a key role in the degradation of cyclic behavior in amorphous SMPs.
  • The developed model provides insights into SMP mechanical responses.
  • Optimizing programming and recovery parameters offers a pathway to enhance SMP shape memory performance.