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Ultrasonography

Ultrasonography

Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

High Frequency Ultrasound for the Analysis of Fetal and Placental Development In Vivo

High Frequency Ultrasound for the Analysis of Fetal and Placental Development In Vivo

Published on: November 8, 2018

Ultrasound-based gestational-age estimation in late pregnancy.

A T Papageorghiou¹, B Kemp¹, W Stones^2,3

¹Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

|March 1, 2016

Summary

Accurate gestational-age estimation late in pregnancy is possible using fetal ultrasound measurements. Combining head circumference (HC) and femur length (FL) provides the best prediction accuracy for fetal development.

Keywords:

dating fetal growth gestational age

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Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

High Frequency Ultrasound for the Analysis of Fetal and Placental Development In Vivo

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Published on: November 8, 2018

A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse

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Published on: October 24, 2017

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Published on: June 29, 2013

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal Diagnostics
Fetal Medicine

Background:

Accurate gestational-age (GA) estimation is crucial for optimal antenatal care.
Ultrasound measurement of fetal crown-rump length before 14 weeks is preferred for GA estimation.
Late presentation for antenatal care with uncertain dates necessitates alternative GA estimation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the optimal fetal ultrasound biometric parameters for estimating gestational age (GA) in women presenting late in pregnancy.
To develop and validate predictive models for GA estimation using ultrasound data.
To assess the accuracy of different biometric combinations for GA prediction.

Main Methods:

Prospective, multicenter study involving 4229 women from the INTERGROWTH-21st Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study.
Ultrasound measurements of fetal head circumference (HC), biparietal diameter (BPD), occipitofrontal diameter (OFD), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were collected.
A Genetic Algorithm machine learning approach evaluated over 64,000 polynomial equations to predict GA based on biometric variables.

Main Results:

The combination of HC and FL provided the most accurate GA prediction.
An equation using HC alone was developed for cases where FL was unavailable.
Prediction uncertainty was estimated at 6-7 days at 14 weeks, increasing to over 14 days in the third trimester.

Conclusions:

Fetal ultrasound measurements of HC and FL in the second trimester offer reasonable accuracy for GA estimation in women with late antenatal care initiation.
This tool is recommended for underserved populations, emphasizing the need for improved early antenatal care globally.