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Language Development

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Sensitive periods and language in cochlear implant users.

Ignacio Moreno-Torres¹, Sonia Madrid-Cánovas², Gema Blanco-Montañez³

¹Universidad de Málaga.

Journal of Child Language

|March 1, 2016

Summary

Children with cochlear implants (CIs) may face language development challenges due to reduced plasticity in early speech perception skills. Family involvement significantly supports language outcomes in pediatric CI users.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Speech-language pathology
Pediatric audiology

Background:

Children with cochlear implants (CIs) often exhibit varied language outcomes.
Understanding the factors influencing language development in pediatric CI users is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hypothesis that sensitive periods for speech perception and language skills impact CI users' language outcomes.
To explore the relationship between age at implantation, environmental factors, and language development in children with CIs.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal study of fourteen children implanted before age two.
Assessment of language skills and environmental factors (e.g., Family Involvement) over three years.
Correlation analysis between age at implantation, environmental factors, and speech/language measures.

Main Results:

Age at implantation correlated significantly with errors in place of articulation, a skill CIs provide limited information for.
Family Involvement demonstrated a significant correlation with other language measures.
Findings suggest reduced plasticity in lower-level speech skills may contribute to language difficulties in some CI users.

Conclusions:

Sensitive periods for speech perception and language acquisition may differ in duration.
Reduced plasticity in early, lower-level speech skills could partially explain language acquisition challenges in pediatric cochlear implant users.
Environmental factors like Family Involvement play a vital role in supporting language development in this population.