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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

A PCR-based Genotyping Method to Distinguish Between Wild-type and Ornamental Varieties of Imperata cylindrica
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Complement Coercion: Distinguishing Between Type-Shifting and Pragmatic Inferencing.

Argyro Katsika1, David Braze2, Ashwini Deo3

  • 1Yale University; Haskins Laboratories.

The Mental Lexicon
|March 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Complement coercion effects differ between aspectual and psychological verbs. Aspectual verbs incur processing costs, while psychological verbs do not, challenging previous assumptions in psycholinguistics.

Keywords:
Complement coercionpragmatic inferencessemantic compositionsyntax-semantics interfacetype-shifting

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Complement coercion is linked to processing costs, but previous studies confound lexico-semantic verb differences.
  • Aspectual and psychological verbs are two distinct semantic classes that may exhibit different coercion profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether semantic differences between aspectual and psychological verbs influence complement coercion processing costs.
  • To test the hypothesis that aspectual predicates trigger coercion costs, while psychological predicates do not.

Main Methods:

  • An eye-tracking experiment was conducted to measure processing costs.
  • Verbs were categorized into aspectual (e.g., 'begin') and psychological (e.g., 'enjoy') semantic classes.

Main Results:

  • Eye-tracking data revealed significant processing costs associated with aspectual predicates undergoing coercion.
  • No comparable coercion costs were observed for psychological predicates.

Conclusions:

  • Complement coercion costs are specific to aspectual verbs, not a general phenomenon across all verbs exhibiting coercion.
  • Findings impact theories of lexical encoding and the mechanisms (type-shifting vs. pragmatic inference) underlying eventive meaning interpolation.