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Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
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Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

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Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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The Thoracic Cage: Ribs01:20

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs

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Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
Parts of a Typical Rib
A typical rib has a head, neck, and body. The posterior end of the rib is called the head, followed by a narrow neck. The head articulates primarily with the costal...
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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling
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Chondral Rib Fractures in Professional American Football: Two Cases and Current Practice Patterns Among NFL Team

Timothy R McAdams1, Jay F Deimel2, Jeff Ferguson3

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sports Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
|March 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Chondral rib injuries in American football players require a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. Recovery typically takes 2-4 weeks with protective measures, though anesthetic blocks may speed return to play.

Keywords:
chondral injuryfootballfractureinjuryreturn to playribtreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Chondral rib injuries are underreported in professional American football.
  • Lack of consensus exists on diagnosis, treatment, and return-to-play timelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report two cases of chondral rib injuries in the National Football League (NFL).
  • To discuss current management practices among NFL team physicians.

Main Methods:

  • Case series (Level of evidence, 4).
  • Presentation of two NFL player cases.
  • Survey of NFL team physicians on work-up and treatment at the 2014 NFL Combine.

Main Results:

  • Computed tomography (CT) diagnosed injuries, treated with rest and splinting; return to play was 2-4 weeks.
  • NFL team physicians report an average of one costal cartilage injury per team annually.
  • CT scanning is used by 70% of physicians; anesthetic blocks are used acutely by 57%.

Conclusions:

  • A high index of suspicion is crucial for diagnosing chondral rib injuries in football.
  • CT scans are the preferred diagnostic tool.
  • Return to play is 2-4 weeks with protective devices; anesthetic blocks may expedite recovery.