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Reliability of Trunk Muscle Electromyography in the Loaded Back Squat Exercise.

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  • 1Fitness Department, Irish Rugby Football Union, Dublin, Ireland.

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Summary

This study found moderate interday reliability for trunk muscle activation (TMA) and kinematics during back squats, with sEMG data showing load sensitivity. Kinematic measures were reliable across sessions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Trunk muscle activation (TMA) is recognized during back squats.
  • Reliability and load sensitivity of TMA and kinematics require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the interday reliability of TMA and kinematics during back squats.
  • To assess the sensitivity of TMA and kinematics to different loading conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Ten males completed three test sessions involving 1RM testing and 3-rep sets at 65-95% of maximal load.
  • Kinematics were recorded using an electrogoniometer and linear transducer.
  • Surface electromyography (sEMG) measured activation of rectus abdominis, external oblique, upper and lumbar sacral erector spinae, and vastus lateralis.

Main Results:

  • Kinematic data demonstrated acceptable interday reliability.
  • Surface electromyography (sEMG) showed moderate interday reliability for external oblique, lumbar sacral erector spinae, and upper lumbar erector spinae during the eccentric phase.
  • sEMG amplitude was significantly responsive to changes in load.

Conclusions:

  • Kinematic measures during back squats exhibit acceptable interday reliability.
  • Trunk muscle activation demonstrates moderately acceptable reliability and significant load sensitivity, particularly for erector spinae muscles.
  • Findings support the use of kinematic and sEMG measures for evaluating trunk muscle function during loaded back squats.