Changing patterns in paediatric optic atrophy aetiology: 1979 to 2015

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Paediatric Neurology
• Medical Research

Background:

• Optic atrophy is a significant cause of visual impairment in children.
• Understanding the aetiology of paediatric optic atrophy is crucial for early diagnosis and management.
• This study investigates the causes of paediatric optic atrophy in an Australian population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the aetiology of paediatric optic atrophy in Australian children.
• To identify trends in the causes of paediatric optic atrophy over time.
• To inform clinical practice and public health strategies for paediatric eye conditions.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of medical records from The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney.
• Inclusion of 227 subjects under 16 years diagnosed with optic atrophy between 1979 and 2015.
• Data collection included demographic information, comorbidities, and assigned predominant cause of optic atrophy.

Main Results:

• The mean age at initial eye review was 4.7 years; 81.5% of cases had bilateral optic atrophy.
• Tumours were a major cause, particularly for unilateral optic atrophy.
• Over time, perinatal events and neurodegenerative diseases have increased as causes, while tumours have decreased.

Conclusions:

• The etiological profile of paediatric optic atrophy in Australia is evolving.
• While tumours remain important, perinatal events and neurodegenerative diseases are emerging as significant causes.
• This shift necessitates updated diagnostic and management approaches for paediatric optic atrophy.