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Burning mouth syndrome: Current concepts.

Cibele Nasri-Heir1, Julyana Gomes Zagury1, Davis Thomas1

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Summary

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral pain condition often affecting menopausal women. This review updates healthcare providers on BMS diagnosis, pathogenesis, and current treatment options.

Keywords:
Burning mouth syndromeneuropathic painorofacial pain

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral pain condition characterized by burning sensations without visible lesions.
  • It predominantly affects women during peri-menopause and menopause, with a 7:1 female-to-male ratio.
  • The exact cause is unclear, but neuropathic and gustatory factors are implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To familiarize healthcare providers with the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and characteristics of primary BMS.
  • To provide an update on current treatment strategies for managing BMS patients.
  • To improve the recognition and management of this frequently mismanaged condition.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • It synthesizes current knowledge on BMS diagnosis and pathogenesis.
  • It discusses established and emerging treatment options.

Main Results:

  • BMS diagnosis requires ruling out other causes of oral burning.
  • Neuropathic etiology is strongly suspected, with gustatory system involvement also noted.
  • Pharmacological (e.g., benzodiazepines) and non-pharmacological (CBT, CAM) treatments are available.

Conclusions:

  • BMS management remains challenging due to its complex etiology and limited awareness.
  • Accurate diagnosis and comprehensive understanding of pathogenesis are crucial for effective management.
  • Healthcare providers need updated knowledge to better assist patients suffering from BMS.