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Published on: June 20, 2020
Participation in Early Childhood Educational Environments for Young Children with and Without Developmental
Tanya E Benjamin1, Rachel G Lucas-Thompson1, Lauren M Little2
1a Department of Occupational Therapy , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA.
Insights
Young children with developmental disabilities experience fewer opportunities in daycare and preschool. Parents use strategies focused on care tasks and peer groups to improve participation.
Area of Science:
- Child Development
- Early Childhood Education
- Special Education
Background:
- Participation in early childhood education is crucial for development.
- Children with developmental disabilities and delays may face barriers to participation.
- Understanding environmental factors and parental strategies is key to supporting inclusion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine participation of young children with and without developmental disabilities in daycare/preschool.
- To identify environmental factors influencing participation.
- To explore parental strategies for enhancing child participation.
Main Methods:
- Mixed methods study involving 129 parents of young children (mean age 49.3 months).
- Assessed participation and environmental supports based on disability status.
- Content coded parental strategies for promoting participation.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in participation and environmental support were found between children with and without disabilities.
- These differences persisted after controlling for child age, gender, and family income.
- Parents frequently employed strategies related to child care tasks and peer groups.
Conclusions:
- Discrepancies in early childhood education participation between children with and without disabilities are identifiable.
- Interventions can be implemented during the early childhood period to address these participation gaps.
- Supporting parental strategies may enhance inclusive early learning environments.
Aims:
This mixed methods study examined: 1) how young children with and without developmental disabilities and delays participate in daycare or preschool activities; 2) similarities and differences in environmental factors impacting daycare or preschool participation; and 3) strategies used by parents who desired a change in their child's participation.
Methods:
Data were drawn from 129 parents of young children with and without developmental disabilities and delays (mean age = 49.3 months) residing in North America. Summary and item-level group differences based on disability status were assessed for participation and environmental supports to participation. Narrative data on parental strategies were content coded, transformed into numerical counts, and summarized to identify strategies commonly employed by parents to promote their child's participation.
Results:
Moderate to large disability related group differences in participation and environmental support to participation were found even after controlling for confounding effects of child age, child gender, and family income. Parents commonly described strategies focused on "child care tasks" and "child peer groups," irrespective of the type(s) of change they desired.
Conclusions:
Study findings suggest that discrepancies in school participation between young children with and without disabilities and delays can be detected and intervened on during the early childhood period.
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