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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA
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lncRNA-RNA Interactions across the Human Transcriptome.

Michał Wojciech Szcześniak1, Izabela Makałowska1

  • 1Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.

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Summary

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression through RNA-RNA interactions. This study identified millions of such interactions in humans, revealing their broad role in diversifying the transcriptome.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their diverse molecular functions beyond transcriptional noise.
  • Despite their abundance, the specific biological roles of most lncRNAs remain largely uncharacterized.
  • RNA-RNA interactions represent an understudied mechanism for lncRNA-mediated gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize lncRNA-RNA interactions across the human transcriptome.
  • To investigate the potential regulatory roles of these interactions in gene expression.
  • To provide a comprehensive resource for studying lncRNA function via RNA-RNA interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Development and implementation of a similarity-search based method for transcriptome-wide RNA-RNA interaction identification.
  • Analysis of millions of predicted lncRNA-RNA base-pairings in the human genome.
  • Validation of interactions using extensive RNA-Seq data to assess co-expression of interacting RNA components.

Main Results:

  • Identification of 18,871,097 potential lncRNA-RNA base-pairings in the human transcriptome.
  • These interactions potentially involve 57,303 transcripts in processing, stability control, and functional regulation.
  • RNA-Seq data supported approximately one-third of the identified interactions, primarily through co-expression patterns.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNA-RNA interactions are a widespread mechanism for regulating and diversifying the human transcriptome.
  • The findings highlight the significant, yet largely unexplored, role of lncRNA interactions in cellular processes.
  • This study provides a valuable dataset and framework for future research into lncRNA functions.