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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Therapy-induced microenvironmental changes in cancer.

Yuting Ma1,2,3,4, Heng Yang5,6,7,8, Jonathan M Pitt9,10,11

  • 1Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China. yuting.ma@crc.jussieu.fr.

Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)
|March 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is key in cancer, influenced by cellular stress and immune cells. Gut microbes also impact TME, affecting cancer therapy responses.

Keywords:
ApoptosisAutophagyCell death-associated molecular patternER stressImmunosuppressionInflammationMicrobiotaNecroptosisSenescenceTumor microenvironmentTumor-infiltrating leukocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Tumorigenesis involves complex interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment.
  • Cellular stress responses (senescence, ER stress, autophagy) and immune cells modulate tumor growth.
  • Cancer therapies can trigger cellular stress and immune responses within the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dynamic changes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) following cancer therapies.
  • To highlight the role of cellular stress responses and immune cell infiltration in mediating treatment outcomes.
  • To discuss the emerging influence of gut microbiota on the TME and cancer progression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on tumor microenvironment dynamics.
  • Analysis of cellular stress responses and immune cell involvement in cancer therapy.
  • Investigation of the impact of gut microbiota on tumor biology and treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Cancer therapies induce significant alterations in the TME, including cellular stress and immune cell modulation.
  • Immunostimulatory factors released during therapy can potentially enhance anti-tumor immunity.
  • Gut microbial composition is increasingly recognized as a critical external factor influencing the TME.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding TME modulation by cellular stress, immune cells, and microbiota is crucial for advancing cancer treatment.
  • Targeting TME components and microbiota may offer novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the interplay between therapies, TME, and the gut microbiome.