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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

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NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...

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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

A new solid state extractor pulser for the FNAL magnetron ion source.

D S Bollinger¹, J Lackey¹, J Larson¹

¹Proton Source Department, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|March 3, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new solid-state pulser significantly improves ion source performance at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). This advanced technology offers faster rise times and higher voltage capabilities for particle accelerators.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Engineering
Accelerator Technology

Background:

The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) utilized a vacuum tube pulser for its magnetron ion source for over four decades.
The existing pulser had limitations in rise time (over 150 μs) at the required 35 kV extraction voltage, impacting injection into the radio frequency quadrupole.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate a novel solid-state extractor pulser system for the FNAL magnetron ion source.
To assess the performance improvements offered by the new pulser in terms of voltage, current, and rise time.

Main Methods:

Installation of a new solid-state pulser system on the FNAL magnetron ion source.
Testing and operational evaluation of the pulser system at the required 35 kV extraction voltage.

Main Results:

The new solid-state pulser achieves a significantly reduced rise time of 9 μs.
The pulser is capable of delivering 50 kV and 100 A peak current pulses.
This represents a substantial upgrade from the previous vacuum tube pulser's limitations.

Conclusions:

The solid-state extractor pulser represents a major advancement in ion source technology at FNAL.
The improved pulser performance is expected to enhance particle beam quality and accelerator efficiency.