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Related Concept Videos

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

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Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...
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Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

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A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
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Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

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Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
317
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

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In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
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Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
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The correlation between a drug's dosage and its impact on a biological system is a cornerstone of pharmacology and toxicology. Conventional dose–response curves, which include graded and quantal relationships, are key to this understanding. Graded dose–response curves depict the spectrum of a biological reaction to different doses within an individual, indicating that as the drug dosage increases, so does the intensity of the response. On the other hand, quantal dose–response...
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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation
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Dosimetric impact of intermediate dose calculation for optimization convergence error.

Byung Do Park1, Tae Gyu Kim1, Jong Eon Kim2

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.

Oncotarget
|March 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intermediate dose calculation improves intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans, especially for heterogeneous targets. This method enhances target coverage and can reduce overall treatment planning optimization time.

Keywords:
anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA)intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)intermediate dose calculation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) aims for precise cancer treatment and normal organ protection.
  • Optimization errors in IMRT can lead to deviations between planned and actual dose-volume histograms (DVHs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of intermediate dose calculation during IMRT optimization.
  • To assess improvements in target coverage and plan quality, particularly for heterogeneous targets.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented intermediate dose calculation within the IMRT optimization process.
  • Evaluated plans using virtual phantoms with homogeneous and heterogeneous targets.
  • Analyzed 30 patient IMRT plans, assessing target coverage and conformity indices (CI, HI, UI).

Main Results:

  • Intermediate dose calculation significantly improved homogeneity indices (HI, UI) for heterogeneous targets compared to standard IMRT.
  • Target coverage indices were enhanced in lung cancer cases.
  • Slight improvements were noted in brain and prostate cancer plans using the anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA).

Conclusions:

  • Intermediate dose calculation is beneficial for IMRT, enhancing target coverage around heterogeneous materials.
  • This technique offers potential for reduced optimization time in IMRT planning.