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Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Stable Isotopic Profiling of Intermediary Metabolic Flux in Developing and Adult Stage Caenorhabditis elegans

Stable Isotopic Profiling of Intermediary Metabolic Flux in Developing and Adult Stage Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: February 27, 2011

[NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN THE EXPERIMENT WITH 105-DAY ISOLATION AS THE FIRST PHASE OF PROJECT MARS-500].

A N Agureev, B V Afonin, E A Sedova

Aviakosmicheskaia I Ekologicheskaia Meditsina = Aerospace and Environmental Medicine

|March 4, 2016

Summary

Astronaut nutrition is critical. Insufficient protein and energy intake during space missions can impair metabolism and cause weight loss, highlighting the need for tailored dietary support.

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Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Stable Isotopic Profiling of Intermediary Metabolic Flux in Developing and Adult Stage Caenorhabditis elegans

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Published on: February 27, 2011

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Published on: April 4, 2019

Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform

Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform

Published on: January 13, 2019

Area of Science:

Space exploration
Human physiology
Nutritional science

Context:

Simulated 105-day space exploration mission
Assessed nutritional status in 6 subjects
Varied body mass index, metabolism, and workload

Purpose:

Investigate nutritional status shifts during simulated spaceflight
Analyze impact of physical exertion and diet on metabolism
Identify dietary deficiencies and their physiological consequences

Summary:

Hard physical work increased basal metabolism, carbohydrate/lipid metabolism, and mobilization from depots.
Dietary ration, while sufficient for health, did not meet individual preferences or energy needs for physical activity.
Reduced protein intake and heavy workloads led to decreased hepatic function and increased lipid mobilization, causing reduced metabolism and body mass loss in 4 subjects.

Impact:

Supplementing meals with protein-rich products aided metabolism recovery and slowed body mass loss.
Demonstrates the critical role of adequate protein and energy intake in maintaining astronaut health and performance.
Provides insights into optimizing nutritional strategies for long-duration space missions.