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Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
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Seeds in suspension: Cell type-specific control of seed dormancy and germination initiation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Robotic Sensing and Stimuli Provision for Guided Plant Growth
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To Grow or not to Grow?

George W Bassel1

  • 1School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.

Trends in Plant Science
|March 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Seed dormancy ends, initiating the seed-to-seedling transition. A new framework proposes the embryo controls this switch, guided by the endosperm in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Area of Science:

  • Plant developmental biology
  • Seed science
  • Arabidopsis thaliana research

Background:

  • Seed dormancy must be broken before germination can occur.
  • The transition from dormant seed to seedling involves complex developmental events.
  • Understanding this transition is crucial for plant science and agriculture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a simplified developmental framework for the seed-to-seedling transition.
  • To explore mechanisms of signal integration during this process.
  • To distinguish developmental states before and after a critical fate switch.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual framework development.
  • Literature review and synthesis.
  • Analysis of developmental signaling pathways.
Keywords:
developmental fatedevelopmental thresholddormancyphase transitionseedsignal integration

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Main Results:

  • A framework is proposed for the seed-to-seedling transition.
  • Mechanisms of signal integration are discussed in relation to a fate switch.
  • A distinction is made between pre- and post-switch developmental states.

Conclusions:

  • The final developmental fate switch resides in the embryo.
  • The endosperm provides crucial information to the embryo for this switch.
  • This framework can guide future research in seed science and plant development.