Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

Fermi Level

Fermi Level

The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...

Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...

Types Of Superconductors

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Crystal-Field-Tuned Spin-Flip Luminescence in NiPS_{3}.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

A systematic review and meta-analysis on achievement emotions, working memory and student-teacher relationship during second language learning in primary school.

PloS one·2026

Same author

Enjoyment and perceived teacher conflict shape early L2 English performance: A longitudinal study in primary school.

The British journal of educational psychology·2026

Same author

CX3CR1-T280M polymorphism and end-stage renal disease development in chronic kidney disease.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Dynamics of CO photooxidation to CO<sub>2</sub> on rutile (110).

Communications chemistry·2026

Same author

Femtosecond concerted rotation of molecules on a 2D material interface.

Nature communications·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Stable room-temperature ferromagnetic phase at the FeRh(100) surface.

Federico Pressacco¹, Vojtěch Uhlίř², Matteo Gatti^3,4

¹Synchrotron-SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.

Scientific Reports

|March 4, 2016

Summary

Surface effects significantly alter iron-rhodium (FeRh) alloy properties. A ferromagnetic surface layer forms on FeRh(100) even in the antiferromagnetic phase, impacting material behavior.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Science
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

Interfaces and low dimensionality profoundly influence material properties.
Iron-rhodium (FeRh) alloys exhibit a notable first-order phase transition around 400 K, shifting from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic states.
This transition involves changes in resistance and volume.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of FeRh(100) epitaxially grown on Magnesium Oxide (MgO).
To understand the role of surface symmetry breaking on the magnetic phase transition in FeRh alloys.

Main Methods:

Utilizing X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and photoelectron spectroscopy to probe surface and bulk electronic/magnetic properties.
Employing first-principles calculations for detailed microscopic analysis.

Main Results:

A surface ferromagnetic layer, comprising five atomic planes of Fe and Rh, was identified at room temperature within the nominally antiferromagnetic phase.
Experimental findings were corroborated by theoretical calculations detailing structural relaxation and electron spin-density distribution.

Conclusions:

Surface symmetry breaking at the Rh-terminated FeRh(100) surface stabilizes a distinct ferromagnetic layer.
This surface phenomenon offers new insights into controlling magnetic properties at interfaces.