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Related Concept Videos

Positron Emission Tomography01:29

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm
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Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm

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Frequency based gating: An alternative, conformal, approach to 4D PET data utilization.

Adam L Kesner1, Jonathan H Chung2, Kimberly E Lind1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045.

Medical Physics
|March 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new frequency-based method, gating+, improves Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging by reducing noise and preserving motion information without the trade-offs of traditional respiratory gating techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Background:

  • Respiratory gating in PET aims to correct for patient motion, a common source of image degradation.
  • Traditional gating methods (phase-based, amplitude-based) involve a trade-off between improved resolution and increased noise.
  • A shift towards optimal data utilization rather than mimicking non-gated images necessitates novel data management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the application of a novel frequency-based data processing algorithm, termed gating+, for motion correction in human PET imaging.
  • To assess the performance of gating+ in generating optimized 4D PET images by adapting signal segregation locally.
  • To compare gating+ with traditional non-gated and phase-gated methods in terms of image quality and lesion detectability.

Main Methods:

  • 189 (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET scans were acquired, and 4D gated image sets were reconstructed using data-driven gating.
  • The gating+ algorithm was applied to segregate data in frequency space, generating optimized 4D images.
  • Comparisons involved FDG uptake analysis in lesions and noise measurements in background regions for non-gated, phase-gated, and gating+ images.

Main Results:

  • Gating+ processing was rapid (<1 min per scan on a standard PC) and produced 4D volumes and motion maps.
  • Optimized scans exhibited noise levels similar to non-gated images while retaining resolution and motion information from gated images.
  • Gating+ showed a significant increase in SUVmax for lesions (28.6% ± 27.9%) compared to non-gated, with noise in liver VOIs closer to non-gated levels (7.1% ± 2.5%) than gated (13.6% ± 3.3%).

Conclusions:

  • The gating+ algorithm offers a new approach to 4D PET data utilization by conforming data segregation to local information.
  • This frequency-based method generates low-noise, motion-rich image sets, demonstrating robust application across diverse patient populations and scan qualities.
  • Gating+ represents a low-risk, potentially risk-free motion correction strategy that can be integrated into automated workflows.