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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

A Ferret Model of Inflammation-sensitized Late Preterm Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury
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Endocrinopathy and Aging in Ferrets.

V Bakthavatchalu1, S Muthupalani1, R P Marini1

  • 1Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Veterinary Pathology
|March 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ferrets commonly develop age-related endocrine diseases, including adrenal and pancreatic neoplasms. This review details ferret endocrine disorders, aiding in diagnosis and understanding their link to aging.

Keywords:
adrenal-associated endocrinopathyadrenocortical neoplasmagingand thyroidcystsdiabetes mellitusendocrine tumorsendocrinopathiesestrogen-induced anemiaferretgonadectomyinsulinomaislet cell tumormultiple endocrine neoplasianeuroblastomaovarypancreatic polypeptidomaparathyroidpheochromocytomapituitaryreviewteratomatestis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Comparative Pathology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Ferrets are increasingly popular pets and research models.
  • Geriatric diseases, particularly endocrinopathies, affect ferrets aged 3-4 years and older.
  • Endocrinopathies are the most prevalent noninfectious disease in middle-aged and older ferrets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of endocrine disorders in ferrets.
  • To review disease incidence, clinical signs, pathology, and diagnostic markers.
  • To explore the relationship between aging and neoplasia in ferrets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ferret anatomy, physiology, and endocrine diseases.
  • Analysis of disease incidence, age at diagnosis, and clinical manifestations.
  • Examination of pathology and available molecular markers for diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Endocrinopathies, especially adrenal and pancreatic neoplasms, are increasing in ferrets.
  • Hormone hypersecretion from proliferative lesions alters ferret physiology and metabolism.
  • Information on the aging-neoplasia link in ferrets is limited.

Conclusions:

  • Ferrets are prone to age-related endocrinopathies and neoplasms.
  • Understanding endocrine disorders is crucial for ferret health management.
  • Further research is needed on the aging-neoplasia relationship in ferrets.