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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling
Published on: April 16, 2021
Involvement of Immune Cell Network in Aortic Valve Stenosis: Communication between Valvular Interstitial Cells and
Seung Hyun Lee1, Jae-Hoon Choi1
1Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
Abstract:
Aortic valve stenosis is a heart disease prevalent in the elderly characterized by valvular calcification, fibrosis, and inflammation, but its exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Previously, aortic valve stenosis was thought to be caused by chronic passive and degenerative changes associated with aging. However, recent studies have demonstrated that atherosclerotic processes and inflammation can induce valvular calcification and bone deposition, leading to valvular stenosis. In particular, the most abundant cell type in cardiac valves, valvular interstitial cells, can differentiate into myofibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells, leading to valvular calcification and stenosis. Differentiation of valvular interstitial cells can be trigged by inflammatory stimuli from several immune cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, and mast cells. This review indicates that crosstalk between immune cells and valvular interstitial cells plays an important role in the development of aortic valve stenosis.
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