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Recent advances in understanding of chronic kidney disease

Junna Yamaguchi1, Tetsuhiro Tanaka1, Masaomi Nangaku1

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.

F1000Research
|March 4, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves fibrosis and inflammation, often progressing to end-stage kidney disease via common pathways like hypoxia. Advances in genome editing and stem cell research illuminate CKD pathogenesis and contributing environmental factors.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pathology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive decline in kidney function.
  • Key pathological features include fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial inflammation.
  • Common pathways like tubulointerstitial hypoxia and proteinuria contribute to CKD progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the common pathways and pathological hallmarks of chronic kidney disease.
  • To explore recent insights into CKD pathogenesis using genome editing and stem cell research.
  • To discuss the role of environmental and epigenetic factors in CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in CKD research.
  • Analysis of studies on genome editing and stem cell applications in nephrology.
  • Synthesis of information on environmental factors and epigenetics in kidney disease.

Main Results:

  • CKD progression involves common pathways regardless of the initial cause.
  • Genome editing and stem cell research are identifying cellular origins in renal injury.
  • Hypoxia, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modifications are significant environmental factors in CKD.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CKD pathogenesis is enhanced by new technologies.
  • Identifying cellular origins and environmental factors is crucial for therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into these areas may lead to novel treatments for chronic kidney disease.

Keywords:
Chronic Kidney DiseaseFibrosisHypoxiaNephrogenesisPathogenesisTubular Atrophy

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