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Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
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Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

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The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
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Nutrigenomics: A controversy.

Cristiana Pavlidis1, George P Patrinos1, Theodora Katsila1

  • 1University of Patras, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Rion Campus, Patras, Greece.

Applied & Translational Genomics
|March 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Nutrigenomics explores how diet impacts individuals at a molecular level. Current research on nutrigenomics and obesity shows a lack of definitive gene associations, highlighting the need for further investigation into personalized nutrition.

Keywords:
NutrigenomicsNutritionPersonalised medicinePersonalised nutritionScience

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrigenomics as an emerging scientific field.
  • Interdisciplinary nature involving genetics, nutrition, medicine, and ethics.

Background:

  • Growing demand for personalized nutrition strategies.
  • Ongoing research into the effects of diet on individual health outcomes.
  • Nutrigenomics bridges epidemiology, physiology, molecular biology, and genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of nutrigenomics in understanding diet-gene interactions.
  • To explore the current state of research regarding nutrigenomics and obesity.
  • To identify key areas for future research in applied nutrigenomics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and meta-analyses on nutrigenomics genes.
  • Analysis of studies examining polymorphisms and diet-related diseases.
  • Identification of research gaps and heterogeneity in current findings.

Main Results:

  • A meta-analysis of 38 nutrigenomics genes revealed a lack of definitive associations with diet-related diseases.
  • Significant heterogeneity exists in studies on polymorphisms, indicating diverse research aims.
  • Current research on nutrigenomics, particularly concerning obesity, is still developing.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to establish clear links between specific genes and diet-related diseases.
  • The application of nutrigenomics requires consideration of genes, gene/protein networks, and nutrient-gene expression interactions.
  • Nutrigenomics holds promise for personalized nutrition but requires continued investigation from multiple perspectives.