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Related Concept Videos

Exocytosis00:50

Exocytosis

10.1K
Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
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Exocytosis00:51

Exocytosis

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Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
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Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis01:18

Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis

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Vesicular transport is a cellular process that encompasses the engulfment of particles or dissolved substances by cells. It involves endocytosis, transcytosis, and exocytosis.
Endocytosis is a cellular mechanism that involves the inward folding of the cell membrane to create vesicles that capture and transport large drug molecules. This process comprises two distinct methods: pinocytosis (often referred to as "cell drinking") and phagocytosis (often referred to as "cell...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

19.3K
Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Quantifying Spatiotemporal Parameters of Cellular Exocytosis in Micropatterned Cells
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Quantifying Spatiotemporal Parameters of Cellular Exocytosis in Micropatterned Cells

Published on: September 16, 2020

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Exocytosis in non-neuronal cells.

Peter Thorn1, Robert Zorec2,3, Jens Rettig4

  • 1Charles Perkins Centre, John Hopkins Drive, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.

Journal of Neurochemistry
|March 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Exocytosis, the release of cellular messengers, involves specialized mechanisms in non-neuronal cells like enteroendocrine cells and pancreatic beta cells for essential physiological functions.

Keywords:
astrocytescytotoxic T lymphocytesenterochromaffin cellsexocytosisneuroendocrine cellsβ cells

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Exocytosis is crucial for releasing neurotransmitters and hormones via vesicle fusion.
  • While synaptic exocytosis is well-studied, non-neuronal exocytosis is vital for diverse physiological pathways.
  • Key exocytosis steps like Ca(2+) triggering and SNARE protein involvement are conserved across cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review specialized exocytosis mechanisms in key non-neuronal cell types.
  • To explore how these specialized mechanisms control the release of unique chemical messengers.
  • To discuss the physiological relevance of these exocytotic processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on non-neuronal exocytosis.
  • Analysis of exocytosis mechanisms in enteroendocrine cells, pancreatic beta cells, astrocytes, lactotrophs, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
  • Discussion of vesicle fusion pore states and polarized secretion.

Main Results:

  • Non-neuronal cells exhibit specialized exocytosis control distinct from neuronal release.
  • Examples include polarized insulin granule release in pancreatic beta cells.
  • Variations in exocytosis mechanisms are tailored to specific cell functions and messenger release.

Conclusions:

  • Non-neuronal exocytosis employs unique strategies to regulate essential physiological processes.
  • Understanding these specialized mechanisms is key to comprehending cell signaling.
  • Further research into non-neuronal exocytosis will illuminate diverse biological functions.