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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.8K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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Giant Controllable Magnetization Changes Induced by Structural Phase Transitions in a Metamagnetic Artificial

S P Bennett1, A T Wong2,3, A Glavic1,4

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Controlling magnetic ordering in iron-rhodium (FeRh) films via substrate strain enables giant magnetization changes. This breakthrough paves the way for advanced spintronics devices by harnessing metamagnetic transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Controllable metamagnetic transitions from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM) ordering are crucial for novel spintronics devices.
  • Existing spintronics often rely on spin reorientation, but direct control of intrinsic magnetic ordering offers greater potential.
  • Iron-rhodium (FeRh) is a promising material for such applications due to its metamagnetic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To produce FeRh films with reduced transition temperatures and large magneto-thermal hysteresis for magnetocaloric and spintronics applications.
  • To investigate the induction of giant controllable magnetization changes by manipulating strain transfer from a substrate.
  • To explore the depth-dependent nature of strain-controlled magnetic order in artificial multiferroic heterostructures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of FeRh films on a BaTiO3 (001) single crystal substrate.
  • Application of strain through substrate structural phase transitions.
  • Characterization of magnetic properties using polarized neutron reflectometry.

Main Results:

  • Achieved FeRh films with drastically reduced transition temperatures and large magneto-thermal hysteresis.
  • Demonstrated giant controllable magnetization changes (~25%) induced by substrate strain, the largest reported for FeRh.
  • Revealed a strong lattice-spin coupling, where surface strain changes trigger massive magnetic transformations, and showed depth-dependent strain control of magnetic order.

Conclusions:

  • Strain engineering via BaTiO3 substrate provides a viable method to control magnetic ordering in FeRh films.
  • The observed giant magnetization changes and depth-dependent effects open new avenues for designing advanced spintronics and magnetocaloric devices.
  • This study highlights the potential of artificial multiferroic heterostructures for realizing controllable magnetic phenomena.