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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

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In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
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The Cochlea01:13

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
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Bilateral simultaneous sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Yen-Hung Chen1, Yi-Ho Young1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|March 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) severely affects both hearing and balance, often indicating serious underlying conditions. This study found poor hearing outcomes and a high mortality rate in patients with SSNHL.

Keywords:
NeurofibromatosisSudden deafnessSudden sensorineural hearing lossVestibular-evoked myogenic potential

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a complex condition affecting both auditory and vestibular functions.
  • Investigating the causes and extent of SSNHL is crucial for understanding prognosis and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causes, disease extent, and hearing outcomes in patients with bilateral SSNHL.
  • To evaluate the utility of an inner ear test battery and MR imaging in diagnosing and managing bilateral SSNHL.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 16 patients with bilateral SSNHL underwent audiometry, caloric testing, and MR imaging between 1995 and 2014.
  • Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing was incorporated after 2000 to assess vestibular function.

Main Results:

  • 100% of patients showed abnormal hearing levels and vestibular function (VEMP and caloric tests).
  • Identified causes included neoplasm (5), stroke (5), meningitis (1), and unknown (5).
  • Hearing outcomes were poor, with no significant improvement post-treatment, and a 44% mortality rate within 5 years.

Conclusions:

  • MR imaging identified causes in 69% of bilateral SSNHL cases.
  • Severe bilateral cochlear and vestibular involvement leads to poor hearing outcomes.
  • The high mortality rate underscores bilateral SSNHL as a potential indicator of a serious underlying disease.