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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

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Still searching for the engram.

Howard Eichenbaum1

  • 1Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. hbe@bu.edu.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurobiologists have long sought the engram, or neural basis of memory. Recent molecular and recording techniques are advancing the search for memory engrams in the brain.

Keywords:
Comparative cognitionEpisodic memoryMemoryRatSpatial learning

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Area of Science:

  • Neurobiology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The search for the neural representation of memory, known as the engram, has been ongoing for nearly a century.
  • Early research indicated that memory engrams are broadly distributed across neural networks.
  • While engrams for habit and emotional memories are understood, the engram for declarative memories remains elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in identifying the neural basis of memory, particularly declarative memory.
  • To highlight recent advancements in molecular and recording techniques for engram research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular biological approaches to identify memory-essential neurons and networks.
  • Analysis of recording techniques and population studies to characterize neural network information coding.

Main Results:

  • Progress has been made in identifying neurons and networks crucial for memory formation and recall.
  • Characterization of information processing within large neural networks has advanced.

Conclusions:

  • Recent molecular and recording methodologies offer promising avenues for uncovering the engrams of episodic and semantic memories.
  • The elusive engram for declarative memories may soon be revealed through these innovative approaches.