Management of extremity arterial pseudoaneurysms associated with osteochondromas

Arterial pseudoaneurysms associated with osteochondromas are rare and most publications on this topic are case reports. The management of this double entity is not standardized. We wanted to update it. Literature searches on MEDLINE and EMBASE were performed using the keywords "artery pseudoaneurysm" and "osteochondroma". Patient demographics, clinical presentations, diagnostic and therapeutic modalities were reviewed. In sum, 101 cases were analyzed. Overall, young adults represented the majority of the affected population with a masculine preponderancy (86%). Painful swelling (51%) was the most commonly physical finding. Distal femur was the most common site of the osteochondroma (86%). Multiple hereditary exostosis was seldom reported (36%). Diagnostic confirmation was dominated by arteriography (55%). Popliteal artery (77%) was the most commonly injured vessel. The treatment was open surgery with vascular repair and optimal exostectomy. Arterial repair was performed with saphenous vein grafting (40%) or lateral suture (39%). Postoperative courses were often uneventful (97%). Arterial pseudoaneurysms resulted from osteochondromas were dominated by those involving the popliteal artery. The use of arteriography to confirm the diagnosis may be limited to the benefit of non-invasive radiological methods because endovascular treatment is not relevant in the setting of osteochondroma-induced arterial pseudoaneurysm.