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Advanced flow MRI: emerging techniques and applications.

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  • 1Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.

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Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) flow techniques offer comprehensive cardiovascular and cerebrovascular evaluation. These methods provide detailed blood flow data alongside anatomical imaging for improved disease assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Medical Physics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides non-invasive, non-ionizing anatomical depiction of the heart and vessels.
  • MRI's motion sensitivity enables simultaneous acquisition of blood flow and morphological data.
  • Current clinical flow MRI typically uses 2D planes with velocity encoding in one direction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advanced MRI flow techniques for comprehensive blood flow evaluation.
  • To explore emerging techniques and novel applications in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular imaging.
  • To present applications for improved assessment of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of advanced MRI flow techniques including real-time flow imaging, 2D multiple-VENC phase contrast MRI, and 4D flow MRI.
  • Discussion of methods for quantifying complex hemodynamic properties.
  • Exploration of highly accelerated flow imaging techniques.

Main Results:

  • Advanced MRI flow techniques allow for more comprehensive evaluation of blood flow characteristics.
  • These techniques enable simultaneous acquisition of spatially registered blood flow and morphological data.
  • Emerging techniques and novel applications are being explored for clinical use.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced MRI flow techniques significantly enhance the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases (e.g., aorta, pulmonary arteries, congenital heart disease, atrial fibrillation, coronary arteries).
  • These techniques improve the assessment of cerebrovascular diseases, including intracranial arteries and veins.
  • The reviewed techniques offer novel insights into blood flow dynamics for improved clinical decision-making.