Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

4.2K
4.2K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

26.9K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
26.9K
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

44.0K
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
44.0K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.5K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The CRF System as a Therapeutic Target for Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

Trends in pharmacological sciences·2016
Same author

Chronic fluoxetine dissociates contextual from auditory fear memory.

Neuroscience letters·2016
Same author

Trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms associate with violence in inner city civilians.

Journal of psychiatric research·2016
Same author

Data on Arc and Zif268 expression in the brain of the α-2A adrenergic receptor knockout mouse.

Data in brief·2016
Same author

Interdependent adrenergic receptor regulation of Arc and Zif268 mRNA in cerebral cortex.

Neuroscience letters·2015
Same author

Empathic fear responses in mice are triggered by recognition of a shared experience.

PloS one·2013
Same journal

Dynorphinergic neuroadaptations in the islands of Calleja: implications for alcohol use disorder.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Differential vulnerability of cochlear nuclei to Lmx1 deficiency: abnormal patterning and implications for auditory circuitry.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Role of nNOS/sGC pathway in the insular cortex in control of cardiovascular, autonomic and corticosterone responses to restraint stress in rats.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Jak1 inhibition reduces acute allodynia induced by specific upstream cytokines in rats: implications for the onset of Jak1 pain modulation.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Glucocorticoids-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice: oral ingestion of corticosterone or hydrocortisone - A comparative study.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same journal

Data-driven clustering of prefrontal activation identifies functional phenotypes under prioritized dual-task walking conditions in Parkinson's disease.

Neuroscience letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development
13:47

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development

Published on: April 3, 2013

13.5K

Developmental DSP4 effects on cortical Arc expression.

Jeff Sanders1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA.

Neuroscience Letters
|March 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Norepinephrine influences brain plasticity by regulating Activity Regulated Cytoskeleton Associated Protein (Arc) gene expression. This regulation changes significantly during adolescent development, impacting brain plasticity differently in children versus adults.

Keywords:
ArcCortexDSP4DevelopmentNorepinephrine

More Related Videos

Digital Spatial Profiling for Characterization of the Microenvironment in Adult-Type Diffusely Infiltrating Glioma
09:17

Digital Spatial Profiling for Characterization of the Microenvironment in Adult-Type Diffusely Infiltrating Glioma

Published on: September 13, 2022

2.8K
Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila
07:13

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila

Published on: January 7, 2019

14.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development
13:47

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development

Published on: April 3, 2013

13.5K
Digital Spatial Profiling for Characterization of the Microenvironment in Adult-Type Diffusely Infiltrating Glioma
09:17

Digital Spatial Profiling for Characterization of the Microenvironment in Adult-Type Diffusely Infiltrating Glioma

Published on: September 13, 2022

2.8K
Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila
07:13

Quantitative Analysis of Neuronal Dendritic Arborization Complexity in Drosophila

Published on: January 7, 2019

14.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Activity Regulated Cytoskeleton Associated Protein (Arc) is crucial for brain plasticity.
  • Norepinephrine is a key neurotransmitter influencing neuronal function and plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how norepinephrine regulates Arc expression across different postnatal developmental stages.
  • To identify critical developmental windows for norepinephrine's influence on Arc expression.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were treated with DSP-4, a noradrenergic neurotoxin, at various developmental stages (preadolescence, adolescence, adulthood).
  • Arc mRNA levels were analyzed using in situ hybridization in brain tissue harvested later in development.

Main Results:

  • Preadolescent DSP-4 treatment did not alter Arc levels.
  • Early adolescent DSP-4 treatment increased Arc expression, while late adolescent treatment decreased it.
  • Late adolescent and adult DSP-4 treatments yielded similar decreases in Arc levels.

Conclusions:

  • Norepinephrine's regulation of Arc expression is developmentally distinct, with mature regulation established by late adolescence.
  • Developmental differences in norepinephrine-mediated Arc regulation may explain varied psychotropic responses in different age groups.