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Subacute stress and chronic stress interact to decrease intestinal barrier function in rats.

Adriana Lauffer1,2, Tim Vanuytsel1, Christophe Vanormelingen1

  • 1a Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium .

Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|March 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychological stress impairs intestinal barrier function, particularly when chronic stress primes the gut for subsequent acute stress. This leads to increased intestinal permeability and inflammation, impacting gastrointestinal health.

Keywords:
Brain-gut axiscrowding stressfunctional gastrointestinal disordersintestinal permeabilitymast cellspsychological stress

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Psychological stress is linked to functional gastrointestinal disorders.
  • Stress can increase intestinal permeability, potentially causing inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of subacute, chronic, and combined stress on intestinal barrier function and mast cell density.
  • To understand how different stress durations and types impact the jejunum and colon.

Main Methods:

  • Male Wistar rats were subjected to sham, subacute, chronic, or combined stress.
  • Intestinal barrier function was assessed using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER).
  • Gene expression of tight junction molecules and mast cell density were analyzed in jejunum and colon.

Main Results:

  • All stress conditions elevated plasma corticosterone, with the highest levels in combined stress.
  • Jejunal TEER decreased across all stress groups, significantly more in combined stress.
  • Chronic stress sensitized the jejunum to subacute stress effects on barrier function.
  • Colonic TEER decreased only with combined stress, and mast cell density increased in the colon with chronic and combined stress.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic stress primes the gastrointestinal tract, exacerbating the impact of acute stress on intestinal barrier function.
  • Distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms underlie stress-induced changes in the small intestine versus the colon.
  • Stress-induced alterations in intestinal permeability and mast cell activity may contribute to gastrointestinal disorders.