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Bipolar disorder (BD) is linked to white matter (WM) changes. Unaffected siblings and patients show reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in specific brain areas, suggesting a potential genetic marker for BD.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is increasingly associated with white matter (WM) pathology.
  • Investigating unaffected first-degree relatives can identify genetic risk markers for BD, independent of illness burden or treatment.
  • Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) is a key neuroimaging technique for analyzing WM integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate white matter (WM) structural differences in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and their unaffected first-degree relatives.
  • To identify potential neuroimaging biomarkers associated with genetic predisposition to BD.
  • To differentiate between illness-related changes and trait-based markers in BD.

Main Methods:

  • Enrolled 27 euthymic BD type I patients, 20 unaffected siblings, and 29 healthy controls.
  • Utilized tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to analyze white matter (WM) integrity.
  • Performed region-of-interest (ROI) analyses to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) values across groups.

Main Results:

  • BD patients exhibited significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in multiple WM tracts compared to controls.
  • Both BD patients and unaffected siblings showed reduced FA in the fornix, left posterior thalamic radiation, and left sagittal stratum.
  • FA values in unaffected siblings were intermediate between controls and BD patients in these specific ROIs.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced FA in the fornix, left posterior thalamic radiation, and left sagittal stratum may serve as a structural endophenotype for bipolar disorder (BD).
  • These findings suggest a potential trait-based marker for BD, observable even in genetically at-risk but unaffected individuals.
  • WM integrity differences in relatives highlight the genetic component of bipolar disorder.