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OSKM Induce Extraembryonic Endoderm Stem Cells in Parallel to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Anthony Parenti1, Michael A Halbisen2, Kai Wang3
1Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Stem Cell Reports
|March 8, 2016
Summary
Reprogramming factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC (OSKM) induce endodermal gene expression, creating induced XEN (iXEN) cells. These iXEN cells share properties with natural XEN cells, revealing a dual cell fate outcome during reprogramming.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Stem Cell Biology
- Cellular Reprogramming
Background:
- The reprogramming factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC (OSKM) are known to induce pluripotency.
- OSKM also influence non-pluripotency gene expression in specific cellular contexts.
- The primitive endoderm is a key extraembryonic lineage and the source of extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of OSKM on primitive endoderm cells.
- To determine if OSKM can induce the formation of XEN cells.
- To characterize the properties of OSKM-induced XEN (iXEN) cells.
Main Methods:
- Treatment of cells with reprogramming factors OSKM.
- Analysis of gene expression profiles.
- Assessment of cell morphology, self-renewal capacity, and multipotency.
Main Results:
- OSKM induced the expression of endodermal genes.
- Formation of induced XEN (iXEN) cells with morphology, transcription profile, self-renewal, and multipotency similar to blastocyst-derived XEN cells.
- iXEN cells arose in parallel to induced pluripotent stem cells.
Conclusions:
- OSKM can reprogram differentiated cells into extraembryonic endoderm stem cells (iXEN cells).
- The reprogramming process driven by OSKM can lead to distinct cell fates, including pluripotency and extraembryonic endoderm.
- This highlights the plasticity of cellular reprogramming and the capacity of OSKM to direct cells towards multiple lineages.
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