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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

148
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
148
Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

316
Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
316
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

391
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
391
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

640
Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
640
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

146
Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
146
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

167
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
167

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Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices
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672

Complications from pharmacotherapy.

L Burt Nabors1, Birgit Surboeck2, Wolfgang Grisold3

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|March 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers cancer drugs for the central nervous system (CNS), highlighting unique toxicities. It examines conventional and biologic therapies for CNS malignancies and their specific side effects.

Keywords:
adverse eventsbiologic therapieschemotherapytoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Cancer Therapy

Background:

  • Central nervous system (CNS) cancers share pharmacotherapy management with systemic solid tumors.
  • CNS malignancies present unique challenges due to potential for enhanced or specific CNS toxicities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review conventional and biologic therapies for CNS malignancies.
  • To characterize expected and unique toxicities associated with these treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pharmacologic agents used in CNS cancer treatment.
  • Analysis of documented toxicities, focusing on CNS-specific adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Pharmacotherapy for CNS cancers overlaps with systemic treatments but carries distinct risks.
  • Many agents used for CNS malignancies have unique toxicities requiring specific management.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding unique CNS toxicities is crucial for effective management of brain tumors.
  • This review provides a foundation for managing adverse events in neuro-oncology patients.