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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Related Experiment Video

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Diffusion theory of decision making in continuous report.

Philip L Smith1

  • 1University of Melbourne.

Psychological Review
|March 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel diffusion model for continuous decision-making tasks. The model explains working memory precision and decision times, linking them to stimulus representation quality.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Working memory involves maintaining and retrieving stimulus attributes.
  • Decision-making tasks often require matching internal representations to external stimuli.
  • Existing diffusion models primarily address simple choice tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a diffusion model for continuous report tasks in working memory.
  • To investigate the relationship between memory representation quality, decision criteria, and response times.
  • To provide a process-level account of working memory precision and its link to decision dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • A 2-dimensional diffusion process on a disk was used to model memory retrieval.
  • The Girsanov change-of-measure theorem was applied to derive joint distributions of decision times and report outcomes.

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  • The model incorporates vector-valued drift to represent stimulus identity and representation quality.

    • Main Results:

    • Predicted report precision is the product of decision criterion and drift magnitude, following a von Mises distribution.
    • Trial-to-trial variability in criterion and drift rate explains relationships between accuracy and decision times.
    • The model generalizes the standard diffusion model to continuous report tasks.

    Conclusions:

    • The 2D diffusion model offers a process account of working memory precision.
    • It elucidates the connection between working memory properties and diffusion models.
    • The model provides a novel framework for studying working memory through decision time distributions.