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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Associated ROS.
Hafiz Maher Ali Zeeshan1, Geum Hwa Lee2, Hyung-Ryong Kim3
1Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-180, Korea. hmaherali@gmail.com.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 8, 2016
Summary
Persistent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and protein misfolding trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) cascades. These cascades play significant roles in the pathogenesis of various human disorders, highlighting the ER redox environment
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Biochemistry
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle for protein folding and modification.
- The ER redox environment influences protein fate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
- Dysregulation of ER redox homeostasis is implicated in various diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of persistent ER stress and protein misfolding in initiating ROS cascades.
- To explore the involvement of ER stress and ROS in the pathogenesis of human disorders.
- To highlight the significance of redox signaling mediators in ER stress and ROS production.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on ER stress, protein misfolding, and ROS.
- Analysis of the interplay between ER redox environment and signaling mediators.
- Examination of the pathological roles of ER stress-induced ROS in human diseases.
Main Results:
- Persistent ER stress and protein misfolding lead to ROS generation.
- Redox signaling mediators, including PDI-ERO1, GSH/GSSG, Nox4, NPR, and calcium, are interconnected with ER stress and ROS.
- ER stress and ROS cascades are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis, inflammation, ischemia, and kidney/liver diseases.
Conclusions:
- ER stress and protein misfolding-initiated ROS cascades are key contributors to human disease pathogenesis.
- Understanding these pathways offers potential therapeutic targets for a range of disorders.
- The ER redox environment is a crucial determinant of cellular health and disease.
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