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Across adulthood, communal values increase while agentic values decrease, regardless of cultural differences in individualism-collectivism. These age-related value shifts impact subjective well-being universally.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Cross-cultural studies

Background:

  • Value development across adulthood typically shows increased communal values and decreased agentic values.
  • Previous research has not fully explored how cultural values influence these age-related shifts in personal values.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if age differences in personal values (communal vs. agentic) vary across cultures with differing individualism-collectivism dimensions.
  • To examine the association between these age-related value changes and subjective well-being across cultures.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted, comparing age differences in personal values across various countries and specifically between Canadian (agentic emphasis) and Chinese (communal emphasis) cultures.
  • Personal and cultural values were directly measured, and their congruence was calculated and compared across age groups and cultures.

Main Results:

  • Older adults consistently showed lower endorsement of agentic values and higher endorsement of communal values compared to younger adults, across all cultures studied.
  • The observed age differences in personal values and their association with subjective well-being were generally not significantly influenced by cultural values.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related shifts in personal values (increasing communal, decreasing agentic) are a robust phenomenon observed across diverse cultural contexts.
  • Cultural values do not appear to moderate the fundamental trajectory of value development in adulthood or its link to subjective well-being.