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The Kansas Squat Test Modality Comparison: Free Weights vs. Smith Machine.

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The free weights Kansas squat test (KST) is a valid and feasible alternative to the Smith machine KST for measuring peak and mean power in athletes. This comparison study found high correlations and similar fatigue measures between the two modalities.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Standardized power testing is crucial for athlete training and adaptation tracking.
  • The Kansas squat test (KST) is a validated measure of power output, previously compared to the Wingate anaerobic cycle test.
  • While designed for the Smith machine (SM), many athletes utilize free weights (FW) in their training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of using free weights (FW) for the Kansas squat test (KST).
  • To compare power output measurements between the FW KST and the Smith machine (SM) KST.
  • To determine if FW KST is a valid alternative to SM KST for power assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-three track and field athletes participated after familiarization sessions with both FW and SM modalities.
  • A 1-repetition maximum squat was determined for both FW and SM.
  • Peak power, mean power, relative fatigue, and posttest lactate were measured using both KST modalities.

Main Results:

  • Strong significant correlations were found between FW KST and SM KST for peak power (r = 0.955) and mean power (r = 0.959).
  • FW KST yielded significantly higher peak and mean power values compared to SM KST (p ≤ 0.01).
  • No significant differences were observed in relative fatigue or posttest lactate levels between the two modalities.

Conclusions:

  • The free weights Kansas squat test (FW KST) is a valid and feasible alternative to the Smith machine Kansas squat test (SM KST).
  • FW KST accurately measures peak and mean power, comparable to the SM KST.
  • Athletes and coaches can confidently use the FW KST for power assessment in training.