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Neonatal risk factors of atopic dermatitis in Denmark - Results from a nationwide register-based study
Alexander Egeberg1,2, Yuki M F Andersen1,2, Gunnar Gislason2,3,4
1Department of Dermato-Allergology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
Insights
Neonatal jaundice and birth season influence atopic dermatitis (AD) risk. Low birthweight and preterm birth may decrease AD risk in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Dermatology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with complex causes.
- Perinatal factors are suspected to influence early childhood AD risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate neonatal risk factors for developing AD in the first five years of life.
- Examined jaundice, phototherapy, birthweight, gestational age, and birth season.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Danish nationwide administrative registers for a large birth cohort (1997-2007).
- Included 673,614 newborns.
- Employed multivariate Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Main Results:
- Identified 85,743 children with AD.
- Neonatal jaundice showed a slightly increased AD risk (IRR 1.13).
- Preterm birth (IRR 0.74) and low birthweight (IRR 0.68) were inversely associated with AD risk.
- Children born in fall/winter had higher AD risk compared to spring/summer.
- No association found between blue light phototherapy and AD risk.
Conclusions:
- Low birthweight and preterm birth are linked to reduced AD risk.
- Neonatal jaundice and birth during colder seasons are associated with increased AD risk.
Background:
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with a multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Studies have suggested that several perinatal factors may influence the risk of AD in early childhood. We investigated possible neonatal risk factors such as jaundice, blue light phototherapy, birthweight, gestational age at birth, and season of birth on the risk of developing AD in the first 5 years of life.
Materials & Methods:
Data were collected through Danish nationwide administrative registers. All newborn children between 1997 and 2007 (n = 673,614) were included in the cohort. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by multivariate Poisson regression analyses.
Results:
We identified a total of 85,743 children with AD in the first 5 years of life. The risk of AD was slightly increased in children with neonatal jaundice (IRR 1.13 [95% CI 1.06-1.21]). Preterm birth was inversely associated with the risk of AD (IRR 0.74, [95% CI 0.68-0.81]) as well as low birthweight (IRR 0.68, [95% CI 0.61-0.75]). Children born in fall and winter seasons had an increased risk of AD compared to spring and summer. No association between neonatal blue light therapy and the risk of AD was found.
Conclusions:
Low birthweight and preterm birth were inversely associated with AD, while neonatal jaundice and cold seasons of birth were associated with an increased risk of AD.
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