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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Infection01:20

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Stages of Infection01:26

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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Infection and Lupus: Which Causes Which?

Sarah Doaty1, Harsh Agrawal2, Erin Bauer1

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 1000 Veteran Ave, Room 32-59, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.

Current Rheumatology Reports
|March 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients face increased infection risks due to immune dysfunction and treatments. Certain pathogens and microbial factors may also contribute to SLE development and severity.

Keywords:
ImmunosuppressionInfectionMicrobiomeSystemic lupus erythematosus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Infection is a major cause of illness and death in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.
  • Immune system dysfunction in SLE increases susceptibility to infections.
  • Infectious agents are implicated in the development of SLE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the infectious risks in SLE patients.
  • To discuss pathogens potentially involved in SLE pathogenesis.
  • To explore the role of microbial factors in SLE.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current knowledge on SLE and infection.
  • Summary of immune system abnormalities in SLE.
  • Discussion of specific pathogens (EBV, CMV, HERVs, tuberculosis).

Main Results:

  • SLE patients have increased infection risk from immune dysfunction (phagocytes, T cells) and immunosuppressive therapies.
  • Pathogens like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and tuberculosis are considered in SLE pathogenesis.
  • Microbial amyloids and the microbiome are emerging factors in SLE pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding infectious risks is crucial for managing SLE patients.
  • Further research into pathogen-host interactions in SLE is warranted.
  • The interplay between the microbiome, microbial products, and SLE requires investigation.