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RNA-seq

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases.
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...

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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Published on: May 29, 2014

Gene expression variability in mammalian embryonic stem cells using single cell RNA-seq data.

Anna Mantsoki¹, Guillaume Devailly¹, Anagha Joshi¹

¹The Roslin institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter bush campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.

Computational Biology and Chemistry

|March 9, 2016

Summary

High coefficient of variation (CV) genes in embryonic stem cells are linked to DNA repair and bivalent promoters, unlike highly expressed cell cycle genes. This highlights distinct gene expression patterns in development and disease.

Keywords:

Background Coefficient of variance Embryonic stem cells Gene expression variance Single cell RNA-seq Transcription control

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Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

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Published on: May 29, 2014

Multiplexed Single Cell mRNA Sequencing Analysis of Mouse Embryonic Cells

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Published on: January 7, 2020

A Computational Pipeline for Intergenic/Intragenic Enhancer RNA Quantification in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

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Published on: October 28, 2025

Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Gene expression heterogeneity influences development and disease.
Previous studies focused on mean expression, neglecting gene expression variance.
Single-cell RNA sequencing enables the study of gene expression heterogeneity and coefficient of variation (CV).

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize genes based on their coefficient of variation (CV) in embryonic stem cells.
To investigate the correlation between CV, network connectivity, and other gene properties.
To identify unique characteristics of High CV genes.

Main Methods:

Collected single-cell RNA sequencing profiles from human and mouse embryonic stem cells.
Analyzed correlations between gene expression CV and network connectivity.
Systematically characterized properties of High CV genes.

Main Results:

Highly expressed genes typically exhibit low CV and are associated with cell cycle functions.
High CV genes are co-expressed, enriched for bivalent promoter marks (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3).
High CV genes are significantly enriched for DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways.

Conclusions:

Genes exhibit distinct characteristics based on their CV.
High CV genes tend to form co-expression clusters.
High CV genes contribute to understanding promoter bivalency.