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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
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Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

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Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
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Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle01:18

Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle

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The cardiac cycle describes the events from one heartbeat to the next. It includes three main phases: diastole, atrial systole, and ventricular systole, all driven by changes in chamber pressures and the function of heart valves.
Diastole: The Relaxation Phase
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

En Face Endocardial Cushion Preparation for Planar Morphogenesis Analysis in Mouse Embryos
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En Face Endocardial Cushion Preparation for Planar Morphogenesis Analysis in Mouse Embryos

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Interplay between cardiac function and heart development.

Laura Andrés-Delgado1, Nadia Mercader2

  • 1Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|March 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanical forces are converted into signals that remodel heart cells during development and disease. This review focuses on how fluid flow forces drive cardiac development and cardiomyocyte adaptation.

Keywords:
Blood and pericardial flowCardiac developmentMechanosensingMechanotransductionMouseZebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cellular Mechanobiology

Background:

  • The heart is a dynamic organ that undergoes significant structural and functional changes during development and in response to disease.
  • Cardiomyocytes must withstand mechanical stress and respond to diverse environmental cues, including pressure, electrical, and hemodynamic forces.
  • Cellular adaptation and remodeling are crucial for maintaining cardiac function throughout life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding how mechanical forces influence cardiac development.
  • To highlight the specific role of fluid flow forces in cardiac remodeling.
  • To integrate knowledge on cardiomyocyte responses to mechanical stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on mechanotransduction in the heart.
  • Focus on studies investigating fluid flow effects on cardiac cells.
  • Synthesis of findings related to adaptive remodeling in cardiomyocytes, myocytes, and endocardial/epicardial cells.

Main Results:

  • Mechanotransduction is a key process enabling cells and tissues to adapt to mechanical stimuli.
  • Cardiac development involves significant adaptive remodeling of cardiomyocytes and other cardiac cells in response to mechanical forces.
  • Fluid flow forces are a critical environmental signal influencing cardiac development and cellular adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical forces, particularly fluid flow, play a vital role in cardiac development and remodeling.
  • Understanding mechanotransduction in cardiomyocytes is essential for comprehending heart development and disease.
  • Further research into fluid flow forces will elucidate mechanisms of cardiac adaptation.