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The Bone Matrix

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials

Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials

Published on: August 13, 2019

Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Composite Is a Reliable Material for Malar Augmentation.

Antonio D'Agostino¹, Lorenzo Trevisiol¹, Vittorio Favero²

¹Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

|March 9, 2016

Summary

Cheekbone augmentation using porous hydroxyapatite granules and collagen demonstrated safe and effective long-term results with high patient satisfaction. This biomaterial promotes ossification and bone integration for successful malarplasty.

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Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials science
Plastic surgery
Craniofacial reconstruction

Background:

Malarplasty aims to enhance cheekbone prominence.
Porous hydroxyapatite granules with microfibrillar collagen offer a potential solution for zygomatic augmentation.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the long-term clinical, radiological, and histological outcomes of cheekbone augmentation using a porous hydroxyapatite and collagen composite.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 430 patients underwent zygomatic augmentation and intermaxillary osteotomy.
Clinical, radiological, and histological evaluations were performed at multiple time points post-surgery.

Main Results:

A low complication rate of 1.56% was observed.
Radiological assessments showed stable prosthesis volume and no migration over 24 months.
Histological analysis revealed significant ossification and new bone formation with minimal inflammation after 2 years.
Patients reported high satisfaction with the aesthetic results.

Conclusions:

The hydroxyapatite and collagen composite is a successful biomaterial for malarplasty.
A longer learning curve associated with this material compared to other implantable biomaterials is a notable drawback.