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Illicit Cosmetic Silicone Injection: A Recent Reiteration of History
Nicholas R Leonardi1, John M Compoginis, Edward A Luce
1From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.
Annals of Plastic Surgery
|March 9, 2016
Summary
Illicit liquid silicone injections for cosmetic procedures, especially among transgender patients, have led to severe injuries and deaths. This review covers silicone injection injuries and proposes a treatment algorithm for cellulitis and necrosis.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Dermatology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Liquid silicone injections for cosmetic augmentation have a history of both legal and illicit use globally.
- Illicit silicone injections are increasingly linked to severe complications, including fatalities, prompting public awareness campaigns by professional societies.
- Transgender patients are a vulnerable population targeted for these dangerous procedures.
Observation:
- This study reviews the history of industrial liquid silicone injection and its associated pathophysiology.
- Three cases of soft tissue cellulitis and wound necrosis resulting from silicone injections treated at the institution are summarized.
- The review includes literature on treatment options and institutional experience.
Findings:
- Liquid silicone injection injuries present with diverse and severe soft tissue complications.
- Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes in patients with silicone injection injuries.
- A structured treatment algorithm can guide the management of cellulitis and wound necrosis.
Implications:
- Highlights the significant risks associated with illicit silicone injections, particularly for cosmetic and gender-affirming purposes.
- Emphasizes the need for patient education and safer alternatives in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery.
- Provides a framework for clinicians managing complex soft tissue injuries from silicone embolization.